What is one of the primary effects of substance abuse in the workplace?

One of the primary effects of substance abuse in the workplace is higher costs. Substance abuse can lead to various financial burdens for employers, including increased healthcare expenses due to higher usage of medical services, higher rates of absenteeism, accidents, and injuries that can arise from impaired judgment or reduced coordination. Additionally, there are costs associated with hiring and training new employees to replace those affected by substance abuse issues. These financial implications can significantly impact an organization's bottom line, making it crucial for employers to address substance abuse proactively.

In contrast, the other options suggest positive outcomes that are typically not associated with substance abuse. For example, improved productivity, enhanced employee morale, and reduced absenteeism are often seen as the opposite effects of substance abuse, which tends to lead to decreased efficiency, lower morale due to the potential negative impact on team dynamics, and increased absenteeism as employees may need to take time off for treatment or recovery.